http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003073.htm
8 }2 X0 S, \3 H; N, f1 YCoughing up bloodEmail this page to a friendShare on facebookShare on twitterBookmark & SharePrinter-friendly version
$ W/ c. m$ l) B! z1 @$ w$ `Coughing up blood is the spitting up of blood or bloody mucus from the lungs and throat (respiratory tract). R) `& s4 L% G! z+ Q+ @6 }6 `
( e$ K, Q' c# J& L
Hemoptysis is the medical term for coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.
- a4 J3 _! U* U2 _1 S) ]0 E9 G( z+ p$ e8 b: K; }; Q' c
Considerations
. R; c4 ~+ d5 M/ \5 @* z. t" L [( D5 o/ F5 i
Coughing up blood is not the same as bleeding from the mouth, throat, or gastrointestinal tract.
, V. ]# ^1 o, s' B5 t
- }; @- S3 F, i5 \; aBlood that comes up with a cough often looks bubbly because it is mixed with air and mucus. It is usually bright red, although it may be rust-colored. Sometimes the mucus may only contain streaks of blood.: a6 ~# u! x7 I6 m" w7 x
% e( p0 K. Z( z6 O5 v& h- g* M5 ]Causes
! P: j# Q% i$ v$ p3 C* L
0 X" I7 \3 z: b4 i+ tA number of conditions, diseases, and medical tests may make you cough up blood, including:" n- P; N3 q2 s1 r: W& b
1 v9 ]) X8 B, h% fBlood clot in the lung* p- \% Q+ k6 j, ~" C! R( G9 {
Breathing blood into the lungs (pulmonary aspiration)
% M# ~% y0 v) cBronchoscopy with biopsy+ ?2 o( ]' u/ T, p8 E
Bronchiectasis
4 a) O ?% E+ B- E. WBronchitis5 K" s1 K6 _; R
Cancer
# d4 R1 K: I* o; I) }- f. RCystic fibrosis
( p3 ^8 ^! ^, w& SInflammation of the blood vessels in the lung (vasculitis)7 k3 t2 U( e8 @; Q# P, m8 X
Injury to the arteries of the lungs
, Z) H" P8 i! u n0 WIrritation of the throat from violent coughing (small amounts of blood)
* _8 W- c7 }+ G3 [9 _& d6 yPneumonia or other lung infections& s+ [% D. Z+ H
Pulmonary edema" m( q8 h7 v5 d( _" r. ^
Systemic lupus erythematosus- j" n9 D: d0 s( A
Tuberculosis
. E5 O: ], G2 ^- xHome Care
$ i4 N. o5 m% G8 D8 f4 ]7 R0 p7 H$ j: u+ u, X
Cough suppressants may help if this condition is due to throat irritation from violent coughing. However, cough suppressants may lead to airway blockages in some cases. Always check with your doctor before using them.6 y! b" \2 O* k7 J1 z3 R7 n
V0 }( W9 t# i0 C! B3 L o+ g7 `It is very important to note how long you cough up blood, and how much blood is mixed with the mucus. Contact your doctor any time you cough up blood, even if you do not have any other symptoms.
5 ^2 V: |0 h5 v2 \4 e
9 Q; d- m4 e3 y5 T9 MWhen to Contact a Medical Professional
8 _, H; x' w: p a
& B1 D# i Q( R, m/ Y5 L0 ~) `' \* LGet medical help right away if you cough up blood and have:" [4 S; R" z( W/ b
5 x$ C+ @: N" e, ]
A cough that produces more than a few teaspoons of blood
1 s8 k6 E: M, \( j& Y" B& pBlood in your urine or stools) W5 b/ `4 t! I* `' X5 l# x) \! g! x' e
Chest pain) d( w8 I! o( y, A! A
Dizziness
2 F/ W. l/ U& r" zFever
" Y% _4 Q3 i0 z R w& k' n6 u: ULight-headedness/ q' k4 p, q; g# {9 X$ E
Severe shortness of breath
$ z+ @* e3 J2 ^& m% L4 H+ J; }6 SWhat to Expect at Your Office Visit2 L5 ^- X. T h& ~, ~
+ ^* w+ a+ U* Z5 a' t4 X
In an emergency case, your doctor will give you treatments to control your condition. The doctor will then ask you questions about your cough, such as:/ t0 p# j2 L( d" R2 H4 l+ l
, W" t0 N& p1 i+ WType) f4 c3 M+ a, H1 E2 G- o) {" L* W
Are you coughing up large amounts of blood (massive hemoptysis)?
% u# W$ w% I/ B8 ICan you see blood when you cough up something?! U- ~% [3 X( P) e2 \) w
How many times have you coughed up blood?
) ^5 T& ?8 Z7 y, eIs there blood-streaked mucus (phlegm)?
# a O! r+ ?: C* U9 I- ^( c: Y- {Time pattern! N6 _9 j% F. V l" t' s
Did it begin suddenly?. a5 w4 J0 b5 d% J* d+ T1 p
Has it increased recently?
( Y& c" b* k# i+ FFor how many weeks has the cough lasted?
1 M2 Q* H$ d, @, @/ l1 z KIs the cough worse at night?( u& A9 D' i" |/ R, F
What other symptoms do you have?
" T/ e6 v2 j- sThe doctor will do a complete physical exam and check your chest and lungs. Tests that may be done include:0 j5 ~) q% p9 g) p; M* y
% ?+ d) b1 V% s" u7 t! n. B ~
Bronchoscopy, a test to view the airways
Z* g! t) h% i) Z" G1 U* mChest CT scan
$ w' k/ P+ o G+ RChest x-ray
, k2 X& g) s: ~$ B, q1 h, LComplete blood count
2 m ?2 F* h! u5 s- p* A7 \) G5 O/ XLung biopsy! t3 X9 h, d0 Z" s1 |0 q) S
Lung scan2 e0 _& w8 R! c9 e' N
Pulmonary arteriography) X5 }/ N7 T( M+ k7 U& g" h0 x
Sputum culture and smear( r. e5 u9 V/ ~; K
Test to see if the blood clots normally, such as PT or PTT |
显身卡
谢谢老马
